Among the tax measures announced in the 90-minute-plus Autumn Budget speech were:

• increasing employer’s national insurance by 1.2 percentage points to 15% from April 2025
• reducing the secondary threshold on each employee’s salary from £9,100 a year to £5,000
• increasing the employment allowance from £5,000 to £10,500
• further investment and modernisation for HMRC
• freeze fuel duty at 5p for another year
• increasing the lower rate of CGT from 10% to 18% and the higher rate from 20% to 24%
• business asset disposal relief will remain at 10% this year, before rising to 14% in April 2025, and to 18% from 2026/27
• confirmed VAT on school fees
• no extension to the personal tax threshold freeze
• an increase to national living wage from £11.44 to £12.21 an hour from April 2025
• a confirmation that the VAT on private-school fees was going ahead
• increasing the energy profits levy on oil and gas companies to 38%
• increasing alcohol duty rates on non-draft products in line with RPI from February
• removing the “outdated concept” of domicile from the tax system from April 2025
• increasing the rate of air passenger duty by a further 50%
• increasing capital gains rates on carried interest to 32% from April 2025
• increasing the stamp duty land tax surcharge for second homes to 5%.

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